Type:
Venue:
Date:
A highly ecological ability such as reading is often investigated through non-ecological experimental paradigms. The present work aims at providing the community with an ecological tool for future research, a developmental database of eye movement measures during natural reading. Eye movements were recorded from a large sample of Italian developing readers (N=140), aged 8–11, as they read 12 multiline passages taken from story-books for children (1566 tokens and 762 distinct types). Eye-tracking data were also recorded from a group of skilled adult readers (N=33), for comparison.
In line with previous literature (e.g., Rayner, 1986; Blythe & Joseph, 2011), our results show well-known developmental changes in reading behaviour, including: a significant increase in reading rate, as expressed in the number of words per minute; an increase in saccade length; a decrease in fixation duration; an increase in skipping probability (all p <.001).
Benchmark effects of word length and frequency also emerge: first-of-many-fixation duration (FoM), gaze duration (GD) and total reading time (TRT) are greater for longer, compared with shorter words (length effect on FoM: p <.05; on GD: p <.001; on TRT: p <.001) and for low-frequency, compared with high-frequency words (frequency effect on FoM: p <.001; on GD: p <.001; on TRT: p <.001). Furthermore, the effects of word length and frequency on gaze duration and total reading time are modulated by age, with both effects getting progressively smaller as a function of age (all p <.001). These results corroborate evidence from single sentence reading tasks, and validate the database as a valuable resource for the investigation of reading acquisition. The large amount of data, as well as the naturalistic nature of the materials and the task, will allow researchers to complement findings from controlled experiments and potentially address questions that are left open by those.